Helen Wills Moody
| Olympic medal record |
| Women's Tennis |
| Gold |
1924 Paris |
Singles |
| Gold |
1924 Paris |
Doubles |
Helen Newington Wills Roark (October 6, 1905 – January 1, 1998), also known as Helen Wills Moody, was an American tennis player. She has been described as "the first American born woman to achieve international celebrity as an athlete."[1]
Wills was born Helen Newington Wills in Centerville, California, now part of Fremont, California, and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. She was already quite famous when she married Frederick Moody in December 1929. She won approximately one-half of her major championships as Helen Wills and one-half as Helen Wills Moody. Wills divorced Moody in 1937 and married Aidan Roark in October 1939.
Sporting achievements
Wills won 31 Grand Slam titles (singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, including seven singles titles at the U.S. Championships, eight singles titles at Wimbledon, and four singles titles at the French Championships. Excluding her defaults at the French Championships and Wimbledon in 1926, she reached at least the final of each Grand Slam singles event she played during her career.
Wills also won two Olympic gold medals in Paris in 1924 (singles and doubles), the last year that tennis was an Olympic sport until 1988. Wills was the U.S. girls' singles champion in 1921 and 1922. She won her first women's national title at the age of 17 in 1923, making her the youngest champion at that time. From 1919 through 1938, she amassed a 398–35 (0.919) match record, including a winning streak of at least 158 matches, during which she did not lose a set.[2] She was a member of the U.S. Wightman Cup team in 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, and 1938.
Wills was reported to be an introverted and detached woman. On court, she rarely showed emotion, ignored her opponents, and took no notice of the crowd.[3] Kitty McKane Godfree, who inflicted the only defeat Wills suffered at Wimbledon during her career, said, "Helen was a very private person, and she didn't really make friends very much."[3] Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman said, "Helen was really an unconfident and awkward girl — you have no idea how awkward.... I thought of Helen as an honestly shy person who was bewildered by how difficult it was to please most people."[4] Because of her unchanging expression, Grantland Rice, the American sportswriter, bestowed on Wills the nickname "Little Miss Poker Face".[5] As her success and, ironically, unpopularity with the public increased, she was called "Queen Helen" and "the Imperial Helen".[4] In her own defense, Wills said in her autobiography, "I had one thought and that was to put the ball across the net. I was simply myself, too deeply concentrated on the game for any extraneous thought."[3]
She typically wore a white sailor suit having a pleated knee-length skirt, white shoes, and a white visor.
On February 16, 1926, the 20-year-old Wills met Suzanne Lenglen, six-time Wimbledon champion, in the final of a tournament at the Carlton Club in Cannes. It was the only time they played each other. Public anticipation of their match was immense, resulting in high scalper ticket prices. Roofs and windows of nearby buildings were crowded with spectators, including the King of Sweden. Both players were nervous, with Lenglen drinking brandy and water at one point to calm her nerves.[6] Lenglen won the match 6–3, 8–6 after being down 2–1 in the first set and 5–4 in the second set. Wills had a set point in the second set and believed she had won the point that would have won her the set, but a linesman disagreed. In one of the few times she showed emotion on court, she spoke angrily to the linesman over the call.[6] After the match, Lenglen's father advised her that she would lose her next match to Wills if they met again soon, and Lenglen avoided Wills for the remainder of the spring.[7] Wills did not get a second chance to meet Lenglen. Wills had an emergency appendectomy during the 1926 French Championship,[8] which caused her to default her second round match and withdraw from Wimbledon, which also was considered a default. Lenglen turned professional after the 1926 season.
After she returned to the United States, Wills attempted a comeback from her appendectomy, lost two matches, and on the advice of her doctor, withdrew from that year's U.S. Championships. Apart from those two losses, beginning with the 1923 U.S. Championships, Wills lost only four matches in three years: once to Lenglen, twice to Kathleen McKane Godfree, and once to Elizabeth Ryan. Wills had winning overall records against the latter two. In 1927, a revived Wills began her streak of not losing a set until the 1933 Wimbledon Championships.
In an exhibition match in San Francisco on January 28, 1933, Wills defeated Phil Neer, the eighth ranked American male player, 6–3, 6–4.[5] [9]
During the 17 year period from 1922 through 1938, Wills entered 24 Grand Slam singles events, winning 19, finishing second three times, and defaulting twice as a result of her appendectomy. Her streak of winning U.S. Championships seven times in seven attempts ended when she defaulted to Helen Hull Jacobs during the 1933 final because of a back injury. At the time, Jacobs was leading in the third set. Because she felt the press and fans treated her harshly at the U.S. Championship, Wills decided never to play there again. After taking a year off to recuperate, Wills came back to win the 1935 and 1938 Wimbledon titles before retiring permanently, beating Jacobs both times.
When asked in 1941 about whether Wills or Lenglen was the better player, Elizabeth Ryan, who played against both of them in singles and partnered both in doubles, said, "Suzanne, of course. She owned every kind of shot, plus a genius for knowing how and when to use them."[5] Godfree, who played both Wills and Lenglen several times and was a two time Wimbledon champion during Lenglen's absence, also stated that Lenglen was "by far" the better player.
Analogizing Wills's game to poker, George Lott, a 12 time winner of Grand Slam doubles titles and a contemporary of Wills, once said, "Helen’s expression rarely varied and she always tended strictly to business, but her opponents were never in doubt as to what she held: an excellent service, a powerful forehand, a strong backhand, a killer instinct, and no weaknesses. Five of a kind! Who would want to draw against that kind of hand?"[5]
Charlie Chaplin was once asked what he considered to be the most beautiful sight that he had ever seen. He responded that it was "the movement of Helen Wills playing tennis."[10]
According to Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Wills was ranked in the world top ten from 1922 through 1925, 1927 through 1933, and in 1935 and 1938. She was World No. 1 in those rankings nine times, from 1927 through 1933 and in 1935 and 1938.[11] Wills was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1922 through 1925, 1927 through 1929, and in 1931 and 1933. She was the top ranked U.S. player from 1923 through 1925 and 1927 through 1929.[12]
Wills was named Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 1935 and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1959.[13] In 1981, Wills was inducted into the (San Francisco) Bay Area Athletic Hall of Fame. In 1926 and 1929, Wills appeared on the cover of Time magazine.[14]
Grand Slam singles finals
Wins (19)
| Year |
Championship |
Opponent in Final |
Score in Final |
| 1923 |
U.S. Championships |
 Molla Bjurstedt Mallory |
6–2, 6–1 |
| 1924 |
U.S. Championships (2) |
Molla Bjurstedt Mallory |
6–1, 6–3 |
| 1925 |
U.S. Championships (3) |
 Kathleen McKane Godfree |
3–6, 6–0, 6–2 |
| 1927 |
Wimbledon |
 Lili de Alvarez |
6–2, 6–4 |
| 1927 |
U.S. Championships (4) |
Betty Nuthall Shoemaker |
6–1, 6–4 |
| 1928 |
French Championships |
Eileen Bennett Whittingstall |
6–1, 6–2 |
| 1928 |
Wimbledon (2) |
Lili de Alvarez |
6–2, 6–3 |
| 1928 |
U.S. Championships (5) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–2, 6–1 |
| 1929 |
French Championships (2) |
 Simone Mathieu |
6–3, 6–4 |
| 1929 |
Wimbledon (3) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–1, 6–2 |
| 1929 |
U.S. Championships (6) |
Phoebe Holcroft Watson |
6–4, 6–2 |
| 1930 |
French Championships (3) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–2, 6–1 |
| 1930 |
Wimbledon (4) |
Elizabeth Ryan |
6–2, 6–2 |
| 1931 |
U.S. Championships (7) |
Eileen Bennett Whittingstall |
6–4, 6–1 |
| 1932 |
French Championships (4) |
Simone Mathieu |
7–5, 6–1 |
| 1932 |
Wimbledon (5) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–3, 6–1 |
| 1933 |
Wimbledon (6) |
Dorothy Round Little |
6–4, 6–8, 6–3 |
| 1935 |
Wimbledon (7) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–3, 3–6, 7–5 |
| 1938 |
Wimbledon (8) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
6–4, 6–0 |
Runner-ups (3)
| Year |
Championship |
Opponent in Final |
Score in Final |
| 1922 |
U.S. Championships |
Molla Bjurstedt Mallory |
6–3, 6–1 |
| 1924 |
Wimbledon |
Kathleen McKane Godfree |
4–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1933 |
U.S. Championships (2) |
Helen Hull Jacobs |
8–6, 3–6, 3–0 retired |
Grand Slam singles tournament timeline
| Tournament |
1922 |
1923 |
1924 |
1925 |
1926 |
1927 |
1928 |
1929 |
1930 |
1931 |
1932 |
1933 |
1934 |
1935 |
1936 |
1937 |
1938 |
Career SR |
| Australian Championships |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
0 / 0 |
| French Championships1 |
A |
A |
NH |
A |
2R |
A |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
4 / 5 |
| Wimbledon |
A |
A |
F |
A |
1R |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
A |
W |
A |
A |
W |
8 / 10 |
| U.S. Championships |
F |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
A |
F |
A |
A |
A |
A |
A |
7 / 9 |
| SR |
0 / 1 |
1 / 1 |
1 / 2 |
1 / 1 |
0 / 2 |
2 / 2 |
3 / 3 |
3 / 3 |
2 / 2 |
1 / 1 |
2 / 2 |
1 / 2 |
0 / 0 |
1 / 1 |
0 / 0 |
0 / 0 |
1 / 1 |
19 / 24 |
NH = tournament not held.
A = did not participate in the tournament.
SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played.
1Through 1923, the French Championships were open only to French nationals. The World Hard Court Championships (WHCC), actually played on clay in Paris or Brussels, began in 1912 and were open to all nationalities. The results from that tournament are shown here for 1922 and 1923. The Olympics replaced the WHCC in 1924, as the Olympics were held in Paris. Beginning in 1925, the French Championships were open to all nationalities, with the results shown here beginning with that year.
Education
Wills attended Head-Royce School for her high school education.
Wills attended the University of California, Berkeley on an academic scholarship, but did not graduate.[15] At Berkeley she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa honor society.
In 1998, Wills bequeathed US $10 million to the University of California, Berkeley to fund the establishment of a Neuroscience institute. The resulting institute, the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, began in 1999 and is now home to more than 40 faculty researchers and 36 graduate students.
Personal life
Wills was born in Centerville now Fremont, California, near San Francisco. She had family and lived in Point of Timber, a small river landing along Indian Slough, San Joaquin River, near Byron, California.
Wills wrote a coaching manual, Tennis (1928), her autobiography, Fifteen-Thirty: The Story of a Tennis Player (1937), and a mystery, Death Serves an Ace (1939, with Robert Murphy).[16] She also wrote articles for the Saturday Evening Post and other magazines.
Senator James D. Phelan befriended Wills and invited her as a frequent guest to his estate, Villa Montalvo. Wills wrote poetry as a hobby, and presented two of her works, "The Awakening" and "The Narrow Street", to a literary competition hosted by Phelan in 1926. Wills settled laurel wreaths over the heads of the winners. Phelan himself wrote a poem dedicated to Wills.[17] In 1928, Phelan commissioned Haig Patigian, sculptor and fellow member of the Bohemian Club, to create a likeness of Wills. Patigian completed a marble bust of Wills in October 1928, and Phelan donated it to the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum. At his death in 1930, Phelan left Wills $20,000 ($263,120 in current dollar terms) in his will, "in appreciation of her winning the tennis championship for California."[18]
Wills met painter Diego Rivera and his wife Frida Kahlo at the San Francisco studio of her friend sculptor Ralph Stackpole in 1930. Rivera sketched Wills and asked her to model as the main figure of "California" for the 30-foot-high mural Allegory of California he was painting for the City Club of the San Francisco Stock Exchange. The committee of the Stock Exchange found out that Wills was being portrayed and insisted that no living person be represented in the mural. Subsequently, Rivera darkened the hair, broadened the eyes, changed the corners of the mouth and angled the jawline to remove any specific resemblance to Wills. A portrait of Stackpole's son Peter Stackpole holding a model airplane remained unnoticed in the mural.[19]
Wills painted all her life, giving exhibitions of her paintings and etchings in New York galleries. She personally drew all of the illustrations in her book Tennis. Wills remained an avid tennis player into her 80s.
She died in Carmel, California of natural causes, aged 92. She had no children.
In 1994 in an interview with William Simon, Inside Tennis reporter, in Carmel California, she gave this rendition of what ended her career:
| “ |
Helen Wills Moody-Roark: Well, it was during the war and my husband was at Fort Reilly, Kansas...It was the middle of winter, and I was walking my big police dog, Sultan. A little dog came barking wildly out of a house and grabbed my dog by the throat. Those little fox terriers have no sense. They’re just wild. So my poor dog was being chewed to pieces and wasn’t able to respond. But I wasn’t going to have a dogfight under my feet so I let go of his collar. And then Sultan took this little dog and shook him, which he deserved. But in the fight, my index finger on my right hand was bitten...
William Simon: By the terrier?
HWMR: I don't know. Fury! Wild, stupid animal! But my poor old finger, the finger next to the thumb. The thumb is very important in tennis. So that was the end of my career. I couldn’t manage. I never mentioned this before to anyone.[20]
|
” |
See also
- Performance timelines for all female tennis players who reached at least one Grand Slam final
- List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s - 26 July 1926
References
- ↑ Finn, Robin (1998-01-03). "Helen Wills Moody, Dominant Champion Who Won 8 Wimbledon Titles, Dies at 92". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E0D71F31F930A35752C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- ↑ Billie Jean King with Cynthia Starr (1988). We Have Come a Long Way: The Story of Women's Tennis. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 31. ISBN 0-07-034625-9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Billie Jean King with Cynthia Starr (1988). We Have Come a Long Way: The Story of Women's Tennis. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 32. ISBN 0-07-034625-9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Billie Jean King with Cynthia Starr (1988). We Have Come a Long Way: The Story of Women's Tennis. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 33. ISBN 0-07-034625-9.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Fein, Paul (April 2006). "Who is the greatest female player ever?" (– Scholar search). Inside Tennis. http://www.insidetennis.com/0405_bestfemale.html. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Wills v. Lenglen". Time Magazine. 1926-03-01. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,729041-1,00.html. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- ↑ New York Times, February 18, 1926
- ↑ Billie Jean King with Cynthia Starr (1988). We Have Come a Long Way: The Story of Women's Tennis. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 39. ISBN 0-07-034625-9.
- ↑ "This Day in Sports: January 28". USA Today. January 31, 1999. http://cgi1.usatoday.com/sports/century/012899.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ↑ My Autobiography (1964) - Charlie Chaplin, page 358
- ↑ Collins, Bud (2008). The Bud Collins History of Tennis: An Authoritative Encyclopedia and Record Book. New York, N.Y: New Chapter Press. pp. 695, 701–2. ISBN 0-942257-41-3.
- ↑ United States Tennis Association (1988). 1988 Official USTA Tennis Yearbook. Lynn, Massachusetts: H.O. Zimman, Inc.. pp. 260.
- ↑ "Helen Wills Moody Roark, Tilden in Net Hall of Fame", Newport Daily News, August 17, 1959, page 12
- ↑ Time magazine cover search results
- ↑ UC Berkeley alumni
- ↑ Los Angeles Times. January 3, 1998. Julie Cart. Tennis Legend Helen Wills Moody Dies
- ↑ A Day In The Hills, September 18, 1926, Villa Montalvo. Archive at San Jose State University.
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, item from August 16, 1930. Laura Perkins, August 12, 2005, "San Francisco hotel workers ratify three-year contract." Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
- ↑ Poletti, Therese; Tom Paiva (2008). Art Deco San Francisco: The Architecture of Timothy Pflueger. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1568987560. http://books.google.com/?id=tcUhJJJwCoIC.
- ↑ Inside Tennis. April 2006. For the Love of the Game: 25 Years in Tennis. Bill Simons
External links
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French Championships women's singles champions |
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(1897) Adine Masson • (1898) Adine Masson • (1899) Adine Masson • (1900) Hélène Prévost • (1901) P Girod • (1902) Adine Masson • (1903) Adine Masson • (1904) Kate Gillou • (1905) Kate Gillou • (1906) Kate Gillou-Fenwick • (1907) Comtesse de Kermel • (1908) Kate Gillou-Fenwick • (1909) Jeanne Matthey • (1910) Jeanne Matthey • (1911) Jeanne Matthey • (1912) Jeanne Matthey • (1913) Marguerite Broquedis • (1914) Marguerite Broquedis • (1915-1919) No competition (due to World War I) • (1920) Suzanne Lenglen • (1921) Suzanne Lenglen • (1922) Suzanne Lenglen • (1923) Suzanne Lenglen • (1924) Emilienne Didi Vlasto • (1925) Suzanne Lenglen • (1926) Suzanne Lenglen • (1927) Kea Bouman • (1928) Helen Wills Moody • (1929) Helen Wills Moody • (1930) Helen Wills Moody • (1931) Cilly Aussem • (1932) Helen Wills Moody • (1933) Margaret Scriven Vivian • (1934) Margaret Scriven Vivian • (1935) Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling • (1936) Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling • (1937) Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling • (1938) Simone Mathieu • (1939) Simone Mathieu • (1940-1945) No competition (due to World War II) • (1946) Margaret Osborne duPont • (1947) Patricia Canning Todd • (1948) Nelly Adamson Landry • (1949) Margaret Osborne duPont • (1950) Doris Hart • (1951) Shirley Fry Irvin • (1952) Doris Hart • (1953) Maureen Connolly Brinker • (1954) Maureen Connolly Brinker • (1955) Angela Mortimer Barrett • (1956) Althea Gibson • (1957) Shirley Bloomer Brasher • (1958) Zsuzsa Körmöczy • (1959) Christine Truman Janes • (1960) Darlene Hard • (1961) Ann Haydon-Jones • (1962) Margaret Court • (1963) Lesley Turner Bowrey • (1964) Margaret Court • (1965) Lesley Turner Bowrey • (1966) Ann Haydon-Jones • (1967) Françoise Durr
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Pre Open Era Wimbledon ladies' singles champions |
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(1884) Maud Watson · (1885) Maud Watson · (1886) Blanche Bingley · (1887) Lottie Dod · (1888) Lottie Dod · (1889) Blanche Bingley · (1890) Lena Rice · (1891) Lottie Dod · (1892) Lottie Dod · (1893) Lottie Dod · (1894) Blanche Bingley · (1895) Charlotte Cooper · (1896) Charlotte Cooper · (1897) Blanche Bingley · (1898) Charlotte Cooper · (1899) Blanche Bingley · (1900) Blanche Bingley · (1901) Charlotte Cooper · (1902) Muriel Robb · (1903) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1904) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1905) May Sutton · (1906) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1907) May Sutton · (1908) Charlotte Cooper · (1909) Dora Boothby · (1910) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1911) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1912) Ethel Thomson Larcombe · (1913) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1914) Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers · (1915-18) No competition (due to World War I) · (1919) Suzanne Lenglen · (1920) Suzanne Lenglen · (1921) Suzanne Lenglen · (1922) Suzanne Lenglen · (1923) Suzanne Lenglen · (1924) Kathleen McKane Godfree · (1925) Suzanne Lenglen · (1926) Kathleen McKane Godfree · (1927) Helen Wills Moody · (1928) Helen Wills Moody · (1929) Helen Wills Moody · (1930) Helen Wills Moody · (1931) Cilly Aussem · (1932) Helen Wills Moody · (1933) Helen Wills Moody · (1934) Dorothy Round Little · (1935) Helen Wills Moody · (1936) Helen Jacobs · (1937) Dorothy Round Little · (1938) Helen Wills Moody · (1939) Alice Marble · (1940–45) No competition (due to World War II) · (1946) Pauline Betz · (1947) Margaret Osborne duPont · (1948) Louise Brough · (1949) Louise Brough · (1950) Louise Brough · (1951) Doris Hart · (1952) Maureen Connolly · (1953) Maureen Connolly · (1954) Maureen Connolly · (1955) Louise Brough · (1956) Shirley Fry · (1957) Althea Gibson · (1958) Althea Gibson · (1959) Maria Bueno · (1960) Maria Bueno · (1961) Angela Mortimer · (1962) Karen Hantze Susman · (1963) Margaret Smith · (1964) Maria Bueno · (1965) Margaret Smith · (1966) Billie Jean King (1967) Billie Jean King
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U.S. National Championships women's singles champions |
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(1887) Ellen Hansell • (1888) Bertha Townsend • (1889) Bertha Townsend • (1890) Ellen Roosevelt • (1891) Mabel Cahill • (1892) Mabel Cahill • (1893) Aline Terry • (1894) Helen Hellwig • (1895) Juliette Atkinson • (1896) Elisabeth Moore • (1897) Juliette Atkinson • (1898) Juliette Atkinson • (1899) Marion Jones • (1900) Myrtle McAteer • (1901) Elisabeth Moore • (1902) Marion Jones • (1903) Elisabeth Moore • (1904) May Sutton • (1905) Elisabeth Moore • (1906) Helen Homans • (1907) Evelyn Sears • (1908) Maud Barger-Wallach • (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman • (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman • (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman • (1912) Mary Browne • (1913) Mary Browne • (1914) Mary Browne • (1915) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1916) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1918) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1919) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman • (1920) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1921) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1922) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1923) Helen Wills Moody • (1924) Helen Wills Moody • (1925) Helen Wills Moody • (1926) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory • (1927) Helen Wills Moody • (1928) Helen Wills Moody • (1929) Helen Wills Moody • (1930) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker • (1931) Helen Wills Moody • (1932) Helen Jacobs • (1933) Helen Jacobs • (1934) Helen Jacobs • (1935) Helen Jacobs • (1936) Alice Marble • (1937) Anita Lizana • (1938) Alice Marble • (1939) Alice Marble • (1940) Alice Marble • (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1942) Pauline Betz Addie • (1943) Pauline Betz Addie • (1944) Pauline Betz Addie • (1945) Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1946) Pauline Betz Addie • (1947) Louise Brough Clapp • (1948) Margaret Osborne duPont • (1949) Margaret Osborne duPont • (1950) Margaret Osborne duPont • (1951) Maureen Connolly Brinker • (1952) Maureen Connolly Brinker • (1953) Maureen Connolly Brinker • (1954) Doris Hart • (1955) Doris Hart • (1956) Shirley Fry Irvin • (1957) Althea Gibson • (1958) Althea Gibson • (1959) Maria Bueno • (1960) Darlene Hard • (1961) Darlene Hard • (1962) Margaret Court • (1963) Maria Bueno • (1964) Maria Bueno • (1965) Margaret Court • (1966) Maria Bueno • (1967) Billie Jean King
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French Championships women's doubles champions |
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(1914) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan • (1915 – 1919) No competition (due to World War I) • (1920) Dorothy Holman / Phyllis Satterwaithe • (1921) Suzanne Lenglen / Germaine Golding • (1922) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan • (1923) Geraldine Beamish / Kitty McKane Godfree • (1924) No competition (due to 1924 Paris Olympics) • (1925) Suzanne Lenglen / Didi Vlasto • (1926) Suzanne Lenglen / Didi Vlasto • (1927) Irene Bowder Peacock / Bobbie Heine • (1928) Phoebe Holcroft Watson / Eileen Bennett Whittingstall • (1929) Lili de Alvarez Valdene / Kea Bouman • (1930) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan • (1931) Eileen Bennett Whittingstall / Betty Nuthall Shoemaker • (1932) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan • (1933) Simone Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan • (1934) Simone Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan • (1935) Margaret Scriven Vivian / Kay Stammers Bullitt • (1936) Simone Mathieu / Billie Yorke • (1937) Simone Mathieu / Billie Yorke • (1938) Simone Mathieu / Billie Yorke • (1939) Simone Mathieu / Jadwiga Jędrzejowska • (1940 -1945) No competition (due to World War II) • (1945) P. Fritz / Simone Iribarne Lafargue • (1946) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1947) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1948) Doris Hart / Patricia Canning Todd • (1949) Margaret Osborne duPont / Louise Brough Clapp • (1950) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin • (1951) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin • (1952) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin • (1953) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin • (1954) Maureen Connolly Brinker / Nell Hall Hopman • (1955) Beverly Baker Fleitz / Darlene Hard • (1956) Angela Buxton / Althea Gibson • (1957) Shirley Bloomer Brasher / Darlene Hard • (1958) Rosie Reyes / Yola Ramirez Ochoa • (1959) Sandra Reynolds Price / Renee Schuurman Haygarth • (1960) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard • (1961) Sandra Reynolds Price / Renee Schuurman Haygarth • (1962) Sandra Reynolds Price / Renee Schuurman Haygarth • (1963) Ann Haydon-Jones / Renee Schuurman Haygarth • (1964) Margaret Court / Lesley Turner Bowrey • (1965) Margaret Court / Lesley Turner Bowrey • (1966) Margaret Court / Judy Tegart Dalton • (1967) Françoise Durr / Gail Chanfreau
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Pre Open Era Wimbledon ladies' doubles champions |
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(1913) Winifred McNair / Dora Boothby · (1914) Agnes Morton / Elizabeth Ryan · (1915-18) No competition (due to World War I) · (1919) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1920) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1921) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1922) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1923) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1924) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody · (1925) Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan · (1926) Mary Browne / Elizabeth Ryan · (1927) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan · (1928) Peggy Saunders Michel / Phoebe Holcroft Watson · (1929) Peggy Saunders Michel / Phoebe Holcroft Watson · (1930) Helen Wills Moody / Elizabeth Ryan · (1931) Phyllis Mudford / Dorothy S. Barron · (1932) Doris Metaxa / Josane Sigart · (1933) Simone Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan · (1934) Simone Mathieu / Elizabeth Ryan · (1935) Freda James / Kay Stammers Bullitt · (1936) Freda James / Kay Stammers Bullitt · (1937) Simone Mathieu / Billie Yorke · (1938) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble · (1939) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble · (1940-45) No competition (due to World War II) · (1946) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont · (1947) Patricia Canning Todd / Doris Hart · (1948) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont · (1949) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont · (1950) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont · (1951) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin · (1952) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin · (1953) Doris Hart / Shirley Fry Irvin · (1954) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont · (1955) Angela Mortimer Barrett / Anne Shilcock · (1956) Angela Buxton / Althea Gibson · (1957) Althea Gibson / Darlene Hard · (1958) Maria Bueno / Althea Gibson · (1959) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard · (1960) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard · (1961) Karen Hantze Susman / Billie Jean King · (1962) Karen Hantze Susman / Billie Jean King · (1963) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard · (1964) Margaret Court / Lesley Turner Bowrey · (1965) Maria Bueno / Billie Jean King · (1966) Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey · (1967) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King
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U.S. National Championships women's doubles champions |
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(1889) Margarette Ballard / Bertha Townsend • (1890) Ellen Roosevelt / Grace Roosevelt • (1891) Mabel Cahill / Emma Leavitt Morgan • (1892) Mabel Cahill / Adeline McKinlay • (1893) Aline Terry / Harriet Butler • (1894) Helen Hellwig / Juliette Atkinson • (1895) Helen Hellwig / Juliette Atkinson • (1896) Elisabeth Moore / Juliette Atkinson • (1897) Juliette Atkinson / Kathleen Atkinson • (1898) Juliette Atkinson / Kathleen Atkinson • (1899) Jane Craven / Myrtle McAteer • (1900) Edith Parker / Hallie Champlin • (1901) Juliette Atkinson / Myrtle McAteer • (1902) Juliette Atkinson / Marion Jones • (1903) Elisabeth Moore / Carrie Neely • (1904) May Sutton Bundy / Miriam Hall • (1905) Helen Homans / Carrie Neely • (1906) Ann Burdette Coe / Ethel Bliss Platt • (1907) Marie Wimer / Carrie Neely • (1908) Evelyn Sears / Margaret Curtis • (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Edith Rotch • (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Edith Rotch • (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Eleonora Sears • (1912) Dorothy Green / Mary Browne • (1913) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams • (1914) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams • (1915) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Eleonora Sears • (1916) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Eleonora Sears • (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Eleonora Sears • (1918) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss • (1919) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss • (1920) Marion Jessup / Eleanor Goss • (1921) Mary Browne / Louise Riddell Williams • (1922) Marion Jessup / Helen Wills Moody • (1923) Kathleen McKane Godfree / Phyllis Howkins Covell • (1924) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody • (1925) Mary Browne / Helen Wills Moody • (1926) Elizabeth Ryan / Eleanor Goss • (1927) Kathleen McKane Godfree / Ermyntrude Harvey • (1928) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Helen Wills Moody • (1929) Phoebe Holcroft Watson / Peggy Mitchell • (1930) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1931) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / Eileen Bennett Whittingstall • (1932) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1933) Betthy Nutthall Shoemaker / Freda James • (1934) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1935) Helen Jacobs / Sarah Palfrey Cooke • (1936) Marjorie Gladman Van Ryn / Carolin Babcock Stark • (1937) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble • (1938) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble • (1939) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble • (1940) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Alice Marble • (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1942) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1943) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1944) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1945) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1946) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1947) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1948) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1949) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1950) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1951) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart • (1952) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart • (1953) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart • (1954) Shirley Fry Irvin / Doris Hart • (1955) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1956) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1957) Louise Brough Clapp / Margaret Osborne duPont • (1958) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard • (1959) Jeanne Arth / Darlene Hard • (1960) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard • (1961) Darlene Hard / Lesley Turner Bowrey • (1962) Maria Bueno / Darlene Hard • (1963) Robyn Ebbern / Margaret Court • (1964) Billie Jean King / Karen Hantze Susman • (1965) Carole Caldwell Graebner / Nancy Richey • (1966) Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey • (1967) Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King
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Pre Open Era Wimbledon mixed doubles champions |
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1913: Hope Crisp / Agnes Tuckey · 1914: James Parke / Ethel Thomson Larcombe · 1915–18: No competition (due to World War I) · 1919: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan · 1920: Gerald Patterson / Suzanne Lenglen · 1921: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan · 1922: Pat O'Hara Wood / Suzanne Lenglen · 1923: Randolph Lycett / Elizabeth Ryan · 1924: John Gilbert / Kathleen McKane Godfree · 1925: Jean Borotra / Suzanne Lenglen · 1926: Leslie Godfree / Kathleen McKane Godfree · 1927: Francis Hunter / Elizabeth Ryan · 1928: Patrick Spence / Elizabeth Ryan · 1929: Frank Hunter / Helen Wills Moody · 1930: Jack Crawford / Elizabeth Ryan · 1931: George Lott / Anna McCune Harper · 1932: Enrique Maier / Elizabeth Ryan · 1933: Gottfried von Cramm / Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling · 1934: Ryuki Miki / Dorothy Round Little · 1935: Fred Perry / Dorothy Round Little · 1936: Fred Perry / Dorothy Round Little · 1937: Don Budge / Alice Marble · 1938: Don Budge / Alice Marble · 1939: Bobby Riggs / Alice Marble · 1940–45: No competition (due to World War II) · 1946: Tom Brown / Louise Brough Clapp · 1947: John Bromwich / Louise Brough Clapp · 1948: John Bromwich / Louise Brough Clapp · 1949: Eric Sturgess / Sheila Summers · 1950: Eric Sturgess / Louise Brough Clapp · 1951: Frank Sedgman / Doris Hart · 1952: Frank Sedgman / Doris Hart · 1953: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart · 1954: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart · 1955: Vic Seixas / Doris Hart · 1956: Vic Seixas / Shirley Fry Irvin · 1957: Mervyn Rose / Darlene Hard · 1958: Robert Howe / Lorraine Coghlan Robinson · 1959: Rod Laver / Darlene Hard · 1960: Rod Laver / Darlene Hard · 1961: Fred Stolle / Lesley Turner Bowrey · 1962: Neale Fraser / Margaret Osborne duPont · 1963: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court · 1964: Fred Stolle / Lesley Turner Bowrey · 1965: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court · 1966: Ken Fletcher / Margaret Court · 1967: Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King
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U.S. National Championships mixed doubles champions |
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(1888) M. Wright / J. S. Clark • (1889) M. Wright / J. S. Clark • (1890) Mabel Cahill / R. Beach • (1891) Mabel Cahill / M. R. Wright • (1892) Mabel Cahill / Clarence Hobart • (1893) Ellen Roosevelt / Clarence Hobart • (1894) Juliette Atkinson / Edwin Fisher • (1895) Juliette Atkinson / Edwin Fisher • (1896) Juliette Atkinson / Edwin Fisher • (1897) Laura Henson / D.L. Magruder • (1898) Carrie Neely/ Edwin Fisher • (1899) Elizabeth Rastall / Albert Hoskins • (1900) Margaret Hunnewell / Alfred Codman • (1901) Marion Jones / Ray Little • (1902) Elisabeth Moore / Wylie Grant • (1903) Helen Chapman / Harry Allen • (1904) Elisabeth Moore / Wylie Grant • (1905) Augusta Schultz Hobart / Clarence Hobart • (1906) Sarah Coffin / Edward Dewhurst • (1907) May Sayers / Wallace Johnson • (1908) Edith Rotch / Nathaniel Niles • (1909) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Wallace Johnson • (1910) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Joseph Carpenter, Jr. • (1911) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Wallace Johnson • (1912) Mary Browne / Dick Williams • (1913) Mary Browne / Bill Tilden • (1914) Mary Browne / Bill Tilden • (1915) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Harry Johnson • (1916) Eleonora Sears / Willis Davis • (1917) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Irving Wright • (1918) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Irving Wright • (1919) Marion Jessup / Vincent Richards • (1920) Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman / Wallace Johnson • (1921) Mary Browne / Bill Johnston • (1922) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Bill Tilden • (1923) Molla Bjurstedt Mallory / Bill Tilden • (1924) Helen Wills Moody / Vincent Richards • (1925) Kathleen McKane Godfree / John Hawkes • (1926) Elizabeth Ryan / Jean Borotra • (1927) Eileen Bennett Whittingstall / Henri Cochet • t(1928) Helen Wills Moody / John Hawkes • (1929) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / George Lott • (1930) Edith Cross / Wilmer Allison • (1931) Betty Nuthall Shoemaker / George Lott • (1932) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Fred Perry • (1933) Elizabeth Ryan / Ellsworth Vines • (1934) Helen Jacobs / George Lott • (1935) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Enrique Maier • (1936) Alice Marble / Gene Mako • (1937) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Don Budge • (1938) Alice Marble / Don Budge • (1939) Alice Marble / Harry Hopman • (1940) Alice Marble / Bobby Riggs • (1941) Sarah Palfrey Cooke / Jack Kramer • (1942) Louise Brough Clapp / Ted Schroeder • (1943) Margaret Osborne duPont / Bill Talbert • (1944) Margaret Osborne duPont / Bill Talbert • (1945) Margaret Osborne duPont / Bill Talbert • (1946) Margaret Osborne duPont / Bill Talbert • (1947) Louise Brough Clapp / John Bromwich • (1948) Louise Brough Clapp / Tom Brown • (1949) Louise Brough Clapp / Eric Sturgess • (1950) Margaret Osborne duPont / Ken McGregor • (1951) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman • (1952) Doris Hart / Frank Sedgman • (1953) Doris Hart / Vic Seixas • (1954) Doris Hart / Vic Seixas • (1955) Doris Hart / Vic Seixas • (1956) Margaret Osborne duPont / Ken Rosewall • (1957) Althea Gibson / Kurt Nielsen • (1958) Margaret Osborne duPont / Neale Fraser • (1959) Margaret Osborne duPont / Neale Fraser • (1960) Margaret Osborne duPont / Neale Fraser • (1961) Margaret Court / Bob Mark • (1962) Margaret Court / Fred Stolle • (1963) Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher • (1964) Margaret Court / John Newcombe • (1965) Margaret Court / Fred Stolle • (1966) Donna Floyd Fales / Owen Davidson • (1967) Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson
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